Professions during the French Period

The Civil Status Deeds from the period 1796-1814 are primarily written in French, which was the language of the government at the time. The following list gives translations of many professions from the French language.

A-B

Accoucheur > Midwife

Adjoint > Councilor

Adjoint-Maire > Acting Mayor

Advocat > Lawyer

Agriculteur > Farmer

Aide > Assistant

Amurier > Weapons smith

Apoticaire > Pharmacist

Apprentif > Apprentice

Arpenteur > Surveyor

Aubergist > Innkeeper (See also: Cabaretier)

Aubergiste > Innkeeper

Avocatte > Lawyer

Avoué > Attorney

Avouré > Attorney

Baliseur > Beacon master

Bancher > Coachman

Banchisser > Bleacher

Batelier > Boater

Berger > Shepherd

Bijoutier > Jeweller

Blanchisseur > Bleacher

Blatier > Grain merchant

Boorrelier > Harness maker

Bottier > Bootmaker

Boucher > Butcher

Boulanger > Baker

Bourrelier > Saddle maker

Boutiquier > Shopkeeper

Boutonier > Button maker

Bradder > Beer brewer

Brasseur > Beer brewer

Brossier > Brush maker

Buralist > Civil servant or writer

C

Cabaretier > Innkeeper (See also: Aubergist)

Cafetier > Café boss

Cardeur de laine > Wool shearer

Chandelier > Candlemaker

Chapelier > Hatmaker

Charbonnier > Fuel dealer/ charcoal burner

Charpentier > Carpenter

Charretier > Carter

Charron > Cartwright

Chaudronnier > Brazier

Cocher > Coachman, carter

Cochond > pig merchant

Colporteur > Pedlar

Commis > Office worker, writer, servant

Commisionaire > Commissary

Conducteur d’Etalon > Horse driver

Conducteur de postes > Postman

Confiturier >  Retailer of candied products

Conseilleur > Advisor

Consieller > Attorney (See also: Avouré)

Constructeur de Vosseaud > Ship maker

Constructeur maritime > Shipwright

Cordier > Rope-maker

Cordonnier > Shoemaker

Coutier > Weaver

Couturière > Seamstress

Couvreur > Roofer

Crieur (public) > Announcer

Croheteur > Porter

Cultivateur > Farmer (See also: Agricultuur)

Curé > Pastor

D-E-F

Divorce > divorced

Domestique > House servant

Doreur > Gilder

Ebéniste > Woodworker

Ecipier > Grocer

Ecrivain > Writer

Employe à Tribunal > Official at court

Employe aux Digues > Dike clerk

Employe des Droits Reunis > Tax official

Employé > Civil servant

Entreprenneur > Contractor

Epicier > Grocer

Escouade > Corporal

Etudiant > Student

Fabrikant d’instruments > Instrument maker

Fabriquer > Manufacturer

Facteur des Instruments > Instrument maker

Facteur > Postman

Faisseur d’Orgries > Organ builder

Farinier > Flour merchant

Ferblantier > Tinsmith

Fermier > Leaseholder

Ferrand > Farrier

Fiance > engaged

Fils > son

Forgeron > Smith

Fossoyer > Ditch digger

Fossoyeur > Gravedigger

Fourbisseur > Weapon seller

Fourneur en Bois > Wood seller

Fripier > Second-hand dealer

G-H-I-J

Garçon > Boy

Garde de Champêtre > Rural police

Garde de Côte > Coastguard

Garde de Timbres > Stamp keeper

Garde Digue > Dike guard

Garde Gardien > Guard (See also: Geolier, Cipier)

Gardien > Custodian, guard

Gendarme > Rural police

Geôlier > Prison guard

Geometre > Surveyor (See also: Arpenteur)

Geuteur > Spats maker

Grabuleur > Freight driver

Greffier > Court writer

Horloger > Watch maker, clock maker

Hôte > Pension owner

Huilier > Oil seller

Huissier > Debt collector (Seel also: Sautier)

Imprimeur > Printer

Inconnu > unknown

Instituteur > Teacher

Intermédiaire > Mediator

Jardinier > Gardener

Journalier > Day labourer

Juge de Paix > Justice of peace

Juge d’Instruction > Judge of inquiry

L-M-N

Laboureur > Farmer

Laitier > Milkman

Lamaneur > Maritime pilot (See also: Matelôt)

Libraire > Bookseller

Limonadier > Lemonade producer

Lusteur > Polisher

Macon > Mason

Maitre d’école > Schoolteacher

Maitre du Chantier > Ship builder

Maljenier > Metal merchant

Manouvrier > Labourer

Marchand de Boisson > Liquor dealer

Marchand de Drap > Cloth merchant

Marchand des Grains > Grain merchant

Marchand > Merchant, shopkeeper

Maréchal ferrand > Farrier

Maréchal > Farrier (See also: Ferrand)

Marie > married

Marin > Sailor

Marquillier > Sacristan (protestant)

Marronnier > Merchant

Massager > Carrier

Masson > Mason

Matelot > Sailor

Médecin > Medical doctor

Medium > Mediator

Membre du Conseil Municipal > Member of the municipal council

Mendiant > Beggar

Menusier > Joiner (See also: Ebenist)

Menusier de Vin > Wine seller

Menusier > Miller

Messager > Messenger

Mesureur > Land meter, Meter

Metron > Calibrator

Meunier > Miller

Mineur > Miner

Ministre de Culte > Preacher

Ministre > Preacher (protestant) /vicar

Mitron > Pastry chef assistent

Moitre des Digues > Dike master

Moulenier > Miller

Muiquinier > Seller of fine linseed

Municipal > Municipal official

Musicien > Musician

Musiquillier > Musician, harmonist

Natteur > Mat maker

Nattier > Mat weaver

Négociant > Merchant, banker

Negotiant > Merchant

O-P-Q

Officier de Santé > Rural physician

Orfèvre > Gold and silversmith

Orphelin > Orphan (male)

Orpheline > Orphan (female)

Ouvrier > Worker

Paison > Farmhand

Parfumeur > Perfumer

Passager > Passenger

Passement > Seller

Pasteur > Preacher > (Protestant) priest (Roman Catholic)

Patron > Boss, patron, employer

Pattissier > Confectioner

Paveur > Paver

Pécheur > Fisherman

Peigneur de Laine > Wool comber

Peintre > Painter

Pelletier > Furrier

Percepteur > (Tax) collector (See also: Recteur)

Perrequier > Wig maker

Pharmaceur > Pharmacist

Pharmacien > Pharmacist

Pharmacin > Druggist

Pilote > Maritime pilot

Plombier > Plumber

Poellenier > Stover

Poissonier > Fishmonger

Poissonnier > Fish seller

Portefaix > Porter

Portefau > Porter

Porteur de Contracte > Transport worker

Porteur de Contrainte > Transferrer of judicial documents

Postillon > Postman

Potier d’étain > Tinsmith

Potier > Potter

Preposé de l ‘Octroi > Supervisory officer

Preposéau Sas > Water board official

Prier d’enterrement > Undertaker

Prier > Monastic guardian

Prieur > Prior

Propriétaire de navire > Owner of ships

Propriétaire terrien > Landowner

Propriétaire > Homeowner

Provot > Chief

Q-R-S

Quincaillier > Metal merchant

Raffineur en sucre > Refiner of sugar

Ramoneur > Chimney sweeper

Recerveur > Tax collector

Recteur > (Tax) collector (See also: Percepteur)

Relieur > Book binder

Rémouleur > Scissors sharpener

Remoulier > Scissors sharpener

Reparateur > Repairer

Repartier > Repairer

Revendeur > Wholesale buyer

Sabotier > Clog maker

Sacristain > sacristan (Roman Catholic)

Sagefemme > Midwife

Sans > without

Sautier > Debt collector

Savetter > Cobbler

Savonnier > Soap producer

Sculpteur > Sculptor

Sellier > Saddler

Serrurier > Locksmith

Serurier > Locksmith

Servante > Maid, (domestic) servant

Serviteur > Servant

Stucateur > Plasterer

T-V

Tailleur de pierres > Stonemason

Tailleur > Tailor

Tambour de ville > Announcer, crier

Tamisier > Sifter

Tamsier > Sifter

Tanneur > Tanner

Tapisier > Upholsterer, furniture merchant

Tapissier > Upholsterer

Tappisseur > Carpet weaver

Tavernier > Innkeeper

Teinturier > Fabric/wool dyer

Teneur de livres > Accountant

Terrassier > Subcontractor, dike worker

Tisserand > Weaver

Tonnelier > Cooper

Tourneur > Turner

Tradecteur > Translator

Traîneur > Tower of ships (with horses)

Traiteur > Caterer, chef

Tripier > Seller of waste from fabrics and offal

Valet de Labour > Farmhand

Valet > Servant

Va(n)nier > Basket maker

Varlet > Page

Vendeur > Seller

Verrier > Glassblower

Vétérinaire > Vet

Vidangeur > Night worker

Vitrier > Glazier

Vitries > Glazier

Vivandier > Sutler, victualler

Voiturier > Freight driver

Volier > Freight driver

[last edited: 30 April 2020]